Title VIII: Criminal records

Articles in this section · 28

Article 776

French Code of Criminal ProcedureIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

The bulletin n° 2 of the criminal record is issued:

1° To prefects and State public administrations dealing with applications for the duties of a commercial court judge, applications for public employment, proposals for honorary distinctions or bids for public works or public contracts or with a view to disciplinary proceedings or the opening of a public school, as well as applications for approval intended to enable the recording by official report of offences against criminal law ;

2° To the military authorities for those called up for classes and maritime registration and for young people applying for enlistment, as well as to the competent public authorities in the event of a dispute over the exercise of electoral rights or the existence of incapacity to hold an elective public office provided for by Article 194 of Law no. 85-98 of 25 January 1985 referred to above (1);

3° To administrations and legal entities, the list of which will be determined by the decree in the Council of State provided for in Article 779, as well as to administrations or bodies responsible by law or regulation for monitoring the exercise of a professional or social activity when this exercise is subject to restrictions expressly based on the existence of criminal convictions or disciplinary sanctions.

4° To the presidents of the commercial courts to be attached to bankruptcy and judicial settlement proceedings, as well as to judges appointed to supervise the commercial register on the occasion of applications for entry in the said register;

5° To the presidents of departmental councils to which an application for approval with a view to adoption provided for in Article L. 225-2 of the code de l'action sociale et des familles ;

6° To the competent authorities designated by order of the Minister of Justice, when they receive, pursuant to an international convention or an act adopted on the basis of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, a request for communication of criminal or disciplinary penalties imposed on a professional, from a competent authority of another State party to the said Convention, of a Member State of the European Union or of a State party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area responsible for applying measures restricting the pursuit of an activity, based, in that State, on the existence of criminal or disciplinary sanctions imposed on that professional ;

7° To the authorities competent to receive declarations of candidacy for an election in order to verify whether the penalty provided for in 2° of Article 131-26 and Articles 131-26-1 and 131-26-2 of the Penal Code is mentioned.

Managers of public or private legal entities carrying out cultural, educational or social activities with minors within the meaning of article L. 312-1 of the Code of Social Action and Families may obtain the issue of bulletin no. 2 of the criminal record, for the sole purpose of recruiting a person, when this bulletin does not contain any mention of a conviction. The list of these legal entities is determined by decree of the Minister of Justice and the minister(s) concerned.

The bulletin no. 2 of the criminal record is transmitted, pursuant to an international agreement or an act adopted on the basis of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, to the competent authorities of another State referred to in 6° of this article.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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