Section 1: Orientation of the case

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Article 779

French Code of civil procedureIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

The President may decide that the lawyers will appear before him again, on a hearing date that he fixes, to confer on the case one last time if he considers that a final exchange of submissions or a final communication of exhibits is sufficient to put the case in order or that the parties' submissions must be brought into conformity with the provisions of Article 768. The parties may also request time to enter into a participatory procedure agreement for the purposes of readiness for hearing.

The referral decision is simply noted in the case file. The President shall, if necessary, set a time limit for each of the lawyers to serve their submissions and communicate documents.

On the date set for the hearing, where the parties and their lawyers prove that they have entered into a participatory procedure agreement for the purposes of readiness for hearing, the President shall take the measures provided for in the second paragraph of Article 1546-1. Except in the event of withdrawal from the list, he shall designate the Pre-Trial Judge. In the absence of such justification and if the case is ready for trial, the President shall declare the proceedings closed and refer the case to the hearing of the pleadings. This may be held on the same day.

If the case is ready to be heard, the provisions of the last paragraph of article 778 may be applied.


The President refers to the Pre-Trial Judge cases that are not ready for trial. He sets the date for the pre-trial hearing. The clerk's office notifies the lawyers.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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