TITLE I: Commercial transactions.

Articles in this section · 4

Article L110-1

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

The law deems acts of commerce:

1° Any purchase of movable property for the purpose of reselling it, either in kind or after having worked on it and put it to use;

2° Any purchase of immovable property for the purpose of reselling it, unless the purchaser has acted with a view to erecting one or more buildings and selling them en bloc or by premises ;

3° All intermediary transactions for the purchase, subscription or sale of real estate, business assets, shares or units in real estate companies;

4° All furniture rental businesses;

5° All manufacturing, commission, land or water transport businesses;

6° Any supply, agency, business office, auction house or public show business;

7° Any foreign exchange, banking, brokerage, electronic money issuing and management business and any payment service;

8° All public banking operations;

9° All obligations between traders, merchants and bankers;

10° Between all persons, bills of exchange;

11° Between all persons, guarantees of commercial debts.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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