Subsection 2: Aggressive commercial practices

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Article L121-6

French Consumer CodeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

A commercial practice is aggressive when, as a result of repeated and insistent solicitations or the use of physical or moral coercion, and taking into account the surrounding circumstances:
1° It significantly alters or is likely to alter a consumer's freedom of choice;
2° It vitiates or is likely to vitiate a consumer's consent;
3° It hinders the exercise of a consumer's contractual rights.
In order to determine whether a commercial practice uses harassment, coercion, including physical force, or undue influence, the following elements shall be taken into consideration:
1° The time and place at which the practice is carried out, its nature and persistence;
2° The use of physical or verbal threats;
3° The exploitation by the trader, with full knowledge of the facts, of any misfortune or particular circumstance of such gravity as to impair the consumer's judgement, with a view to influencing the consumer's decision with regard to the product;
4° Any significant or disproportionate non-contractual obstacle imposed by the trader when the consumer wishes to assert his contractual rights, and in particular the right to terminate the contract or to change product or supplier;
5° Any threat of action when such action is not legally possible.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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