Chapter III: Admission to psychiatric care by decision of the State representative.

Articles in this section · 12

Article L3213-9-1

French Public Health CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

I.-If a psychiatrist involved in the patient's care certifies in a medical certificate that a psychiatric care measure in the form of full hospitalisation is no longer necessary and that the care measure without consent can be lifted or that the patient can be cared for in the form mentioned in 2° of I of article L. 3211-2-1, the director of the host establishment will refer the matter within twenty-four hours to the State representative in the département, who will give a decision within three clear days of receiving the medical certificate.

II - If the State representative decides not to follow the opinion of the psychiatrist involved in the patient's care, he/she will immediately inform the director of the host establishment, who will immediately request that the patient be examined by a second psychiatrist. Within a maximum of seventy-two hours of the State representative's decision, the second psychiatrist will give an opinion on the need for full hospitalisation.

III - Where the opinion of the second psychiatrist provided for in II of this article confirms that there is no need for full hospitalisation, the State representative will order the measure of care without consent to be lifted or will decide on care in the form mentioned in 2° of I of article L. 3211-2-1, in accordance with the proposal contained in the medical certificate mentioned in I of this article.

When the opinion of the second psychiatrist provided for in II recommends that full hospitalisation be maintained and the State representative maintains full hospitalisation, he or she informs the director of the host establishment, who refers the matter to the liberty and custody judge for a rapid decision on this measure under the conditions provided for in article L. 3211-12. The present paragraph does not apply when the decision of the State representative is taken within the timeframes mentioned in 1° and 2° of I of article L. 3211-12-1.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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