Subsection 2: Informing users and expressing their wishes

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Article R1521-2

French Public Health CodeIn force

Updated 4 Nov 2023

Articles R. 1111-8-8 and R. 1111-9 to R. 1111-12 are applicable to the Wallis and Futuna Islands and the French Southern Territories in the wording resulting from Decree No. 2018-137 of 26 February 2018.

Articles R. 1111-17 to R. 1111-20 are applicable in the territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands, in the version resulting from decree no. 2016-1067 of 3 August 2016, subject to the following adaptations:

1° Article R. 1111-19 is replaced by the following provisions:

"Art. R. 1111-19.-Anticipatory directives are kept in a way that makes them easily accessible to the doctor called upon to make a decision to limit or stop treatment as part of the collegiate procedure defined in Article R. 4127-37-2.

"Advance directives may also be kept by their author or entrusted by him/her to the trusted support person mentioned in article L. 1111-6 whom he/she has designated or, failing this, to a family member or close friend. In this case, their existence, the place where they are kept or the contact details of the person who holds them are mentioned in the medical record, as indicated by their author.

"Any person cared for by the healthcare agency may indicate the existence of advance directives; this indication, together with the place where they are kept and, where applicable, the contact details of the person who holds them, are recorded in their medical records.

"The identification details of the person holding the advance directives are their surname, first name and home address. This person is informed by the author of the advance directives of the entry of data concerning him/her in the medical record. " ;

2° The reference to the shared medical record provided for in article R. 1111-20 does not apply.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

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15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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