Subsection 3: Shareholders' meetings

Articles in this section · 11

Article R22-10-28

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 6 Nov 2023

I.-Notwithstanding the provisions of Article R. 225-86, in companies whose shares are admitted to trading on a regulated market or to the operations of a central depository, the right to participate in General Meetings is evidenced by the registration of the shares in an account in the name of the shareholder or of the intermediary registered on his behalf pursuant to the seventh paragraph of Article L. 228-1, by midnight (Paris time) on the second business day preceding the General Meeting, either in the registered share accounts held by the company or in the bearer share accounts held by an intermediary referred to in Article L. 211-3 of the French Monetary and Financial Code, or, where applicable, in a shared electronic recording system pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2022/858 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2022 on a pilot scheme for market infrastructures based on distributed ledger technology and amending Regulations (EU) No 600/2014 and (EU) No 909/2014 and Directive 2014/65/EU.


I.-I.-I.-I.-I.-I.-I.-I.-I.-I.-I.-I.-I.-I.-I.-I.-I.-I.-I.-I.-I.-I. II.The registration of securities in bearer securities accounts held by an intermediary referred to in Article L. 211-3 of the Monetary and Financial Code or in a shared electronic registration system pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2022/858 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2022 on a pilot scheme for market infrastructures based on distributed ledger technology, and amending Regulations (EU) No 600/2014 and (EU) No 909/2014 and Directive 2014/65/EU is evidenced by a certificate of participation issued by this intermediary or, by the "DLT market infrastructure" within the meaning of the aforementioned Regulation (EU) 2022/858, where applicable by electronic means under the conditions provided for in Article R. 225-61, attached to the postal voting form, proxy form or request for admission card drawn up in the name of the shareholder or on behalf of the shareholder represented by the registered intermediary. A certificate is also issued to any shareholder wishing to attend the meeting in person and who has not received an admission card by midnight (Paris time) on the second business day prior to the meeting.


III. III -When a shareholder has already cast a postal vote, sent a proxy or requested an admission card or a certificate of participation in accordance with the conditions set out in the last sentence of section II, he/she may no longer choose another method of participating in the Meeting, unless otherwise provided for in the Articles of Association. IV -A shareholder who has already cast a postal vote, sent in a proxy or requested an admission card or certificate of attendance in accordance with the conditions set out in the last sentence of section II may transfer all or some of his shares at any time.


However, if the transfer of ownership occurs after the shareholder has sent in his proxy or requested an admission card or certificate of attendance in accordance with the conditions set out in the last sentence of section II, he may transfer all or some of his shares at any time. However, if the transfer of ownership takes place before midnight (Paris time) on the second business day prior to the Meeting, the Company will invalidate or amend, as appropriate, the postal vote, the proxy form, the admission card or the certificate of attendance. To this end, the intermediary mentioned in Article L. 211-3 of the Monetary and Financial Code or, where applicable, the DLT market infrastructure when acting in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2022/858 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2022 on a pilot scheme for market infrastructures based on distributed ledger technology and amending Regulations (EU) No 600/2014 and (EU) No 909/2014 and Directive 2014/65/EU, shall notify the company or its agent of the transfer of ownership and provide it with the necessary information. No transfer of ownership carried out after the second business day preceding the meeting at zero hours, Paris time, regardless of the means used, shall be notified by the intermediary mentioned in Article L. 211-3 of the Monetary and Financial Code or taken into consideration by the company, notwithstanding any agreement to the contrary.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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