Paragraph 2: Mutual insurance companies with a supervisory board and management board

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Article R322-54-3

French Insurance CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

I. - The Management Board carries out its duties under the supervision of the Supervisory Board.

The Management Board is vested with the broadest powers to act in all circumstances on behalf of the company; it exercises these powers within the limits of the corporate purpose and subject to those powers expressly granted by law to the Supervisory Board and to Members' Meetings.

In dealings with third parties, the Company is bound even by acts of the Management Board that do not fall within the corporate purpose, unless it can prove that the third party knew that the act exceeded that purpose or could not have been unaware of it in the circumstances.

The provisions of the Articles of Association limiting the powers of the Management Board are not enforceable against third parties. The Executive Board deliberates and takes decisions in accordance with the conditions laid down in the Articles of Association.

At least once every quarter, the Management Board presents a report on the company's operations to the Supervisory Board. Within three months of the end of each financial year, the Management Board presents the annual financial statements to the Supervisory Board for verification and audit.

II. - The Chairman of the Management Board represents the company in its dealings with third parties.

However, the Articles of Association may authorise the Supervisory Board to grant the same power of representation to one or more other members of the Management Board, who then bear the title of Managing Director. The provisions of the Articles of Association limiting the company's power of representation are not enforceable against third parties.

Unless otherwise stipulated in the Articles of Association, the members of the Management Board may, with the authorisation of the Supervisory Board, allocate management duties among themselves. However, under no circumstances may such allocation have the effect of depriving the Management Board of its character as a collegiate body responsible for the management of the company.

III. - When a transaction requires the authorisation of the Supervisory Board and the Supervisory Board refuses such authorisation, the Management Board may submit the dispute to the General Meeting of Members, which shall decide how to proceed with the project.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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