Subsection 1: General provisions.

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Article R331-18

French Sports CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

For the purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply

1° "Meeting": a gathering involving the participation of motorised land vehicles, which takes place on a public road or a road open to public traffic in compliance with the Highway Code, which requires participants to meet at one or more points or to pass through, and which has no classification, set time or timekeeping;

2° "Event": the bringing together of one or more motorised land vehicles and one or more drivers or riders for the purpose of presenting motor sport in its various forms to spectators in an organised manner. Without prejudice to the provisions ofarticle L. 411-7 of the Highway Code, any competition or demonstration is treated as an event. With the exception of trials and training for competitions, any motorised event involving at least one ranking, a set time or timekeeping, even over a short distance, is also considered to be an event;

3° "Competition": any event organised as part of an event, the aim of which is to obtain the best possible results;

4° "Demonstration": any event the purpose of which is to display, in motion, the speed or manoeuvrability of land motor vehicles, without it constituting training or a competition;

5° "Trial or competition training": a preparation or test, whether or not prior to a competition, intended to evaluate or improve the performance of the driver or the vehicle;

6° "Spectator": any person who attends an event, whether in return for payment or not, without taking part directly in the event, in particular in its organisation;

7° "Circuit": a closed route that can be covered several times without being abandoned. It may only use roads that are permanently or temporarily closed to public traffic. Its route is marked out by any means. The surface may be of different types. The same circuit may have more than one type of surface;

8° "Terrain": an area not open to public traffic on which there is no defined course and where disciplines are practised for which timekeeping is only an accessory element of the classification, such as trials or cross-country;

9° "Course": an open route from a starting point to a finishing point, which may or may not be separate, using roads that are not open or temporarily closed to public traffic and on which competitors are given an individual start. The start may also be given to several competitors, up to a maximum of two cars and five motorbikes;

10° "Liaison course": an unenclosed route from a starting point to a separate finishing point, linking, in the context of an event, circuits, grounds or courses, and using roads open to public traffic on which participants respect the Highway Code;

11° "Industrial test": any test carried out by or on behalf of professionals in the design or construction of motor vehicles or their equipment, aimed at improving a product intended for sale or marketing and which does not correspond to the tests or competition training defined in 5°.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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