Subsection 1: Provisions applicable to insurance undertakings.

Articles in this section · 18

Article R332-3-1

French Insurance CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

In relation to the basis of dispersion defined in Article R. 332-3, the value on the balance sheet of an insurance undertaking referred to in Article L. 310-3-2 of the assets mentioned below admitted to represent regulated commitments may not exceed, unless an exemption is granted on a case-by-case basis by the Autorité de contrôle :

1° 5% for all securities issued, claims, loans obtained or guaranteed by the same undertaking and deposits placed with that undertaking, with the exception of:

a) Securities issued or guaranteed by, or loans obtained from, an O. C. D. E. Member State and securities issued by the Caisse d'Amortissement de la Dette Sociale instituted by Article 1 of Order No. 96-50 of 24 January 1996 on the repayment of the social debt ;

b) Shares in sociétés d'investissement à capital variable (open-ended investment companies) and units in fonds communs de placement (mutual funds) referred to in 3° of article R. 332-2, whose portfolio is exclusively made up of the securities mentioned above.

The 5% ratio referred to in the second paragraph may be increased to 10%, provided that the total value of the securities issued, receivables and loans obtained or guaranteed by all the undertakings whose issues, loans or loan guarantees are admitted in excess of the 5% ratio does not exceed 40% of the dispersion base defined in article R. 332-3.

For the application of these provisions, insurance undertakings holding shares in open-ended investment companies and units in unit trusts must be able to demonstrate that they comply with this article as if they themselves held directly, in proportion to their holdings, the securities held by these undertakings;

2° 10% for a single property or for the securities mentioned in 9° bis to 9° ter and 9° sexies of article R. 332-2 ;

3° 1% for the securities mentioned in 2° quater, 6°, 7°, 7° bis, 7° ter, 7° quinquies, 9 quinquies, 12 bis and 12° ter of article R. 332-2 and the loans mentioned in the third and fourth paragraphs of 1° of article R. 332-13, respectively issued or obtained by the same company, the same body or the same sub-fund of a company or body.

A company may not allocate to the representation of its regulated commitments more than 50% of the shares issued by the same company mentioned in 5° of article R. 332-2.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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