Section III: Own funds

Articles in this section · 11

Article R351-27

French Insurance CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

I.-Without prejudice to the application of the provisions of Article R. 351-23, original own funds items are included in Tier 1 original own funds for a maximum period of ten years after 1 January 2016, if these items:

a) Were issued before 18 January 2015 ;

b) At 31 December 2015, could be used in accordance with the provisions of Chapter IV of Title III of Book III of the present Code in force at that date, the provisions of Section II of Chapter II of Title I of Book II of the Mutual Code in force at that date and the provisions of R. 931-10-1 to R. 931-10-11-3 of the Social Security Code in force on that date, as a component of the solvency margin, calculated in accordance with the same provisions, up to a maximum of 50% of the available solvency margin or the minimum margin requirement, whichever is the lower;

c) Otherwise, would not be classified as level 1 or level 2 in accordance with article R. 351-23.

II.-Without prejudice to Article R. 351-23, original own funds items are included in Tier 2 original own funds for a maximum of ten years after 1 January 2016 if these items:

a) Were issued before 18 January 2015 ;

b) At 31 December 2015, could be used, in accordance with the provisions of Chapter IV of Title III of Book III in force at that date, as a component of the solvency margin, calculated in accordance with the same provisions, up to a maximum of 25% of the available solvency margin or the minimum margin requirement, whichever is lower.

III - Where an own funds item is considered, as a result of the application of the quantitative limits of these provisions, to be ineligible under the provisions applicable at 31 December 2015, the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution shall consider that item to meet the criteria of I and, where applicable, II of this article.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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