Subsection 4: Election campaign and voting operations

Articles in this section · 10

Article R4031-34

French Public Health CodeIn force

Updated 3 Nov 2023

For each election, electronic voting operations are supervised by a national electronic voting office, the chairman of which is appointed by order of the Minister of Justice and the Minister of Health. This board is made up of two representatives from each health professional union organisation standing for election and two representatives from the Ministry of Health. The secretariat of the committee is provided by the representatives of the Ministry of Health.

The list of full and alternate members of the electronic voting committee is published by order of the Minister for Health.

The Electronic Voting Bureau may only validly deliberate if at least four of its members are present. In the event of a tie, the chairman has the casting vote. If the chairman is absent or unable to attend, he is replaced by the oldest member present.

The e-voting committee ensures that the electoral process runs smoothly and verifies the effectiveness of the security measures in place to ensure the secrecy of the vote, the sincerity of the ballot and the accessibility of the ballot.

It meets in order to carry out the operations provided for in articles R. 4031-34-2, R. 4031-34-3 and R. 4031-34-4 and, when convened by its Chairman, as required during the electoral operations.

The Electronic Voting Office may, at any time, ensure the integrity and availability of the voting system and the files provided for in the second paragraph of Article R. 4031-21. It is competent to take any information and safeguard measures, including the temporary or definitive cessation of electronic voting operations if it considers that their sincerity, secrecy or accessibility are no longer guaranteed.

Every facility shall be granted to the e-voting office to enable it to ensure the effective monitoring of electronic voting operations. It may, as necessary, refer any questions relating to the conduct of these operations to the authorities and, where applicable, to the service providers responsible for organising them.

It is automatically and immediately informed of any technical intervention on the voting system.

Those responsible for automated processing delegate one or more experts to the e-voting office to advise it on the operation of the electronic voting system and any events that may occur during the electoral process.

Minutes are kept of the electronic voting, consisting of numbered pages. Any event occurring during the ballot, any decision taken by the e-voting office and any action taken on the voting system are immediately recorded in the minutes and the integrity of the record is guaranteed.

Any voter, candidate or delegate may consult the minutes and record their observations on the electronic voting operations.

The procedures for accessing the electronic voting system and the general operation of the ballot are communicated to voters on the website of the Ministry of Health, in the week following publication of the order provided for in article R. 4031-19.

Mariela Petrova

Need help applying this article to your situation?

A registered French Lawyer explains what applies to your business — in English, fixed fee.

within 48h

Fixed Fee

Talk to a lawyer
Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

English · French · Russian

Ready When You Are

Talk To A Corporate
Lawyer In France.

A 20–30 minute call, in English, to scope the engagement. No obligation, no preliminary fee. You will leave the call with a clear view of what the work will cover and what it will cost.

First EngagementFixed Fee

Talk to a French lawyer.

Reply within 24 hours.

Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

Continue Reading

Related corporate services in France

01 / Setup

Setting up a French company

Choose between SAS, SARL, SA or SCI — and structure your first French entity around how you actually plan to operate.

Read More
02 / Operating

French commercial contracts

Distribution, agency, supply, services and IP licences — drafted around the protections French law actually gives.

Read More
03 / Disputes

Business disputes & litigation

Shareholder conflicts, commercial breaches and pre-litigation strategy — handled by the same team that knows the file.

Read More