Chapter I: Organisation.

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Article R461-3

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 5 Nov 2023

The general rapporteur and the deputy general rapporteur(s) are appointed for four years, from among members of the Conseil d'Etat, magistrates, category A civil servants and persons who can provide evidence of at least five years' experience in the field of competition law and who hold one of the diplomas allowing access to a category A body. They may be reappointed once.

The general rapporteur leads and supervises the activity of the rapporteurs. He ensures, in particular:

- that the rapporteurs carry out acts aimed at investigating, establishing or punishing the facts concerned by the investigation of the cases he has entrusted them with examining;

- the quality of the notifications of grievances, reports and other investigative acts carried out by the rapporteurs.

He may delegate to one or more deputy rapporteurs general all or part of the powers he holds in accordance with this title.

He may also delegate his signature to a deputy rapporteur general or to a management agent.

In the event of a vacancy in the post of general rapporteur, an interim shall be provided by the most senior deputy general rapporteur in the post.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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