Subsection 1: Approval.

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Article R511-3-1

French Monetary and Financial CodeIn force

Updated 6 Nov 2023

Before attaching special conditions to an authorisation or transmitting to the European Central Bank a draft decision to grant an authorisation to acquire a holding or control or to grant an authorisation to a credit institution which is :

1° A subsidiary of an insurance undertaking, reinsurance undertaking, credit institution, portfolio management company or investment firm authorised in a Member State of the European Union or in another State party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area, or authorised in a financial sector other than that in which the acquisition is proposed;

2° or a subsidiary of the parent undertaking of an insurance undertaking, a reinsurance undertaking, a credit institution, a portfolio management company or an investment firm authorised in a Member State of the European Union or in another State party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area or authorised in a financial sector other than that in which the acquisition is contemplated;

3° An institution controlled by a natural or legal person who also controls an insurance undertaking, a reinsurance undertaking, a credit institution, a portfolio management company or an investment firm authorised in a Member State of the European Union or in another State party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area or authorised in a financial sector other than that in which the acquisition is proposed,

The Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution shall consult the competent authority, within the meaning of 4° of Article L. 517-2, in order to assess, in particular, the quality of the shareholders with regard to the criteria set out in Article R. 511-3-2, as well as the good repute and experience of the members of the management body involved in the management of another entity of the same group.

The decision taken in this regard by the European Central Bank or the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution, as the case may be, shall mention any opinions or reservations expressed by this competent authority.

II - In the case of transactions involving the direct or indirect acquisition of voting rights or equity interests or the extension of shareholdings, the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution shall immediately consult the competent authority, within the meaning of 4° of Article L. 517-2, to which the proposed acquirer is subject, in order to obtain any information that is essential or relevant to the assessment provided for in Article R. 511-3-2. The decision taken by the European Central Bank in this regard shall mention any opinions or reservations expressed by this competent authority.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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