Section 1: General provisions.

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Article R512-1

French Monetary and Financial CodeIn force

Updated 6 Nov 2023

Mutual and cooperative banks, local savings companies and mutual guarantee companies guaranteeing loans granted by a banque populaire, governed by law no. 47-1775 of 10 September 1947 on the status of cooperation, are required to undergo the cooperative audit mentioned in articles 25-1 to 25-5 of this text when the average number of employees at the end of each of two consecutive financial years exceeds fifty; the average number of employees during the financial year is equal to the arithmetical average of the number of employees at the end of each quarter of the calendar year, or of the financial year when this does not coincide with the calendar year, who are linked to the company by an employment contract.

When there is a group formed either by a regional or federal caisse with the local caisses collectively approved with it or the local savings companies affiliated to it, or by a banque populaire with the mutual guarantee companies guaranteeing the loans granted by it, the threshold of fifty employees mentioned above is assessed at the level of this group and the cooperative audit relates to the group thus formed.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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