Paragraph 1: Working conditions and organisation of service obligations

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Article R6153-1-2

French Public Health CodeIn force

Updated 31 Oct 2023

The junior doctor carries out preventive, diagnostic and care functions and, where appropriate, medical biology procedures or hospital pharmacy tasks, with the aim of gradually achieving autonomous professional practice.

He follows his training under the supervised autonomy system.

Procedures carried out under this system are performed by the junior doctor alone.

After an individual interview at the start of phase 3, with the local coordinator or the inter-regional, regional or sub-divisional coordinating teacher for the specialty and the practitioner responsible for the place of training, the nature, number and conditions for carrying out the procedures that the junior doctor is able to perform under supervised autonomy are the subject of consultation between the junior doctor and the practitioner responsible for the place of training, in conjunction with the local coordinator or the inter-regional coordinating teacher for the specialty. The nature of the procedures is gradually diversified until, at the end of this phase, it covers all of the situations listed in the reference system defined in the following paragraph. These elements are included in the training contract provided for in articles R. 632-26 and D. 633-11-1 of the Education Code for medical and pharmacy studies respectively.

For each speciality, a reference framework of practical exercises referring to the training models defined by joint order of the ministers responsible for higher education and health and the minister for defence sets out the stages of the programme enabling junior doctors to gradually acquire autonomous professional practice. These stages are defined by joint order of the same ministers in compliance with the provisions of section 3 of chapter II of title III of book VI of the same code.

Supervision is provided by a practitioner to whom the junior doctor may have recourse at any time during his practice, in accordance with the duty rosters. The purpose of supervision is to provide advice and support in the medical acts performed by the junior doctor and to deal with situations which the junior doctor would not be able to deal with independently.

The practitioner in charge of the place of training or, in his absence, a doctor, pharmacist or dental surgeon assigned to this place, organises the regular reporting by the junior doctor of any activity performed independently.

The acts which the junior doctor does not yet perform independently under supervision are performed under the conditions in force for interns.

The junior doctor carries out his duties by delegation and under the responsibility of the practitioner to whom he reports.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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