French Commercial codeIn force
Section 1: General provisions.
Article R721-1
Commercial courts apply the guiding principles of civil litigation.
AI translation · Updated 5 Nov 2023Open Article
20+ full codes, 2,400+ articles translated and updated. Case law linked to every article. Read the actual text before you ask a lawyer about it — free, no login required.
20+
french codes
Fully translated
2,400+
articles in English
Updated regularly
480+
court rulings linked
Per article
Free
full access
No login required
Showing 2371–2380 of 52335 articles for “Art. 1 juin 2005”
Commercial courts apply the guiding principles of civil litigation.
The court clerk assists the judges of the commercial court at hearings and in all cases provided for by law. He assists the president of the commercial court in all administrative tasks specific to hi…
…o practise the profession of commercial court clerk unless he or she meets the following conditions:1° Be French or a national of another Member State of the European Union or of another State party t…
Each member of the board of directors or the administrative and technical commission of the fire and rescue services is elected for six years, except when he ceases to hold the elective office or mand…
In the event of a vacancy in the seat of a titular representative of the department, communes, public establishments for inter-communal cooperation, firefighters or territorial civil servants of the f…
…municipal cooperation, on the other hand, in accordance with the procedures laid down in Article L. 1424-24-3, each mayor and each chairman of a public establishment for inter-municipal cooperation ha…
Voting in the elections provided for in articles R. 1424-11 et R. 1424-12 are surveyed by a commission comprising: a) The prefect, chairman, or his representative; b) The chairman of the board of dire…
…administrative and technical commission of the fire and rescue services, provided for in article L. 1424-31, takes place by proportional voting with the largest remainder within the five separate elec…
…the creation of a public cultural or environmental cooperation establishment defined in article L. 1431-1 are sent to the State representative who decides on its creation by a decree to which are att…
…rovided for in article R. 2334-26. The provisions of articles R. 2334-24 and R. 2334-28 to R. 2334-31, with the exception of II of article R. 2334-30, are applicable to the allocation for each of the…
Our translations are produced and reviewed for accuracy, but the only legally binding version of French law is the French original. For court, registry or contractual use we offer lawyer-reviewed or sworn certified translations on request.
Articles are synced with Légifrance and updated as soon as a reform is published in the Journal Officiel, so you always read the version in force — and can see when each article was last amended.
Each article is linked to the key court decisions (Cour de cassation, Conseil d'État, courts of appeal) that interpret it, so you can read the text and its case-law application side by side.
Yes — every article has an AI plain-English summary, and you can order a lawyer-reviewed explanation of how it applies to your specific situation, with next steps.
No. Reading and searching the codes is free with no login. Paid services — certified translation and the legal application report — are entirely optional.
Avocate au Barreau de Paris
Toque #C2396
15+ Years In French Corporate Practice
English · French · Russian
Ready When You Are
A 20–30 minute call, in English, to scope the engagement. No obligation, no preliminary fee. You will leave the call with a clear view of what the work will cover and what it will cost.
20+ full codes and 2,400+ articles in English, with the key court rulings linked to every article — free to read.
Read MoreA lawyer-reviewed report explaining how the relevant articles apply to your situation, with case-law analysis and next steps.
Read MoreScope your matter with a Paris-Bar avocate — incorporation, contracts, disputes — handled bilingually, end to end.
Read More