Article 1360
An exception is made to the rules set out in the previous article if it is materially or morally impossible to obtain a writing, if it is customary not to draw up a writing, or if the writing has been…
20+ full codes, 2,400+ articles translated and updated. Case law linked to every article. Read the actual text before you ask a lawyer about it — free, no login required.
20+
french codes
Fully translated
2,400+
articles in English
Updated regularly
480+
court rulings linked
Per article
Free
full access
No login required
Showing 71–80 of 144 articles for “Art. 136”
An exception is made to the rules set out in the previous article if it is materially or morally impossible to obtain a writing, if it is customary not to draw up a writing, or if the writing has been…
An electronic document has the same evidential value as a paper document, provided that the person from whom it emanates can be duly identified and that it is drawn up and stored in conditions that gu…
In the absence of provisions or agreements to the contrary, the judge shall settle conflicts of evidence in writing by determining by any means the most likely title.
An authentic instrument is one that has been received, with the requisite solemnities, by a public official with the competence and capacity to act.It may be drawn up in electronic form if it is estab…
The written word consists of a sequence of letters, characters, numbers or any other signs or symbols with an intelligible meaning, whatever their medium.
No one may constitute a title to himself.
It may be substituted for writing by judicial confession, decisive oath or prima facie evidence in writing corroborated by another means of proof.
Prima facie evidence in writing is any writing which, emanating from the person contesting an act or from the person he represents, renders probable what is alleged. The judge may consider as equivale…
The signature required to perfect a legal act identifies its author. It manifests his consent to the obligations arising from that act. When it is affixed by a public official, it confers authenticity…
The court shall order the partition, if it can take place, or the sale by auction if the conditions set out in Article 1378 are met. When partition is ordered, the court may appoint a notary to draw u…
Our translations are produced and reviewed for accuracy, but the only legally binding version of French law is the French original. For court, registry or contractual use we offer lawyer-reviewed or sworn certified translations on request.
Articles are synced with Légifrance and updated as soon as a reform is published in the Journal Officiel, so you always read the version in force — and can see when each article was last amended.
Each article is linked to the key court decisions (Cour de cassation, Conseil d'État, courts of appeal) that interpret it, so you can read the text and its case-law application side by side.
Yes — every article has an AI plain-English summary, and you can order a lawyer-reviewed explanation of how it applies to your specific situation, with next steps.
No. Reading and searching the codes is free with no login. Paid services — certified translation and the legal application report — are entirely optional.
Avocate au Barreau de Paris
Toque #C2396
15+ Years In French Corporate Practice
English · French · Russian
Ready When You Are
A 20–30 minute call, in English, to scope the engagement. No obligation, no preliminary fee. You will leave the call with a clear view of what the work will cover and what it will cost.
20+ full codes and 2,400+ articles in English, with the key court rulings linked to every article — free to read.
Read MoreA lawyer-reviewed report explaining how the relevant articles apply to your situation, with case-law analysis and next steps.
Read MoreScope your matter with a Paris-Bar avocate — incorporation, contracts, disputes — handled bilingually, end to end.
Read More