20+ full codes, 2,400+ articles translated and updated. Case law linked to every article. Read the actual text before you ask a lawyer about it — free, no login required.
20+
french codes
Fully translated
2,400+
articles in English
Updated regularly
480+
court rulings linked
Per article
Free
full access
No login required
Showing 551–560 of 61478 articles for “Art. L. 145-23-1”
I. - For income tax or corporation tax purposes, operating expenses incurred in scientific or technical research operations may, at the company's option, be capitalised or deducted from the results fo…
If the guarantee given by a natural person to a professional creditor was, at the time it was entered into, manifestly disproportionate to the income and assets of the guarantor, it shall be reduced t…
The person who undertakes to provide a legal or judicial guarantee must be sufficiently solvent to meet the obligation. If this guarantor becomes insolvent, the debtor must substitute another guaranto…
Where there are several principal debtors jointly and severally liable for the same debt, the guarantor shall have the remedies provided for in the preceding articles against each of them.
Sums paid in respect of the pledged claim are deducted from the secured claim when it is due.If this is not the case, the pledged creditor retains them as security in a specially allocated account ope…
A letter of intent is an undertaking to do or not to do with the object of supporting a debtor in the performance of his obligation to his creditor.
Real estate liens are granted by law. They are general. They are exempt from the formality of registration. The legal provisions governing them are to be interpreted strictly. They give the right to b…
The guarantor's obligation is extinguished by the same causes as other obligations. It is also extinguished as a result of the extinction of the guaranteed obligation.
The pledge is perfected by the drawing up of a writing containing the designation of the debt secured, the quantity of the goods pledged and their type or nature.
In the event of default by his debtor, the pledged creditor may have the pledged claim and all rights attached thereto assigned to him by the court or under the terms of the agreement. He may also wai…
Our translations are produced and reviewed for accuracy, but the only legally binding version of French law is the French original. For court, registry or contractual use we offer lawyer-reviewed or sworn certified translations on request.
Articles are synced with Légifrance and updated as soon as a reform is published in the Journal Officiel, so you always read the version in force — and can see when each article was last amended.
Each article is linked to the key court decisions (Cour de cassation, Conseil d'État, courts of appeal) that interpret it, so you can read the text and its case-law application side by side.
Yes — every article has an AI plain-English summary, and you can order a lawyer-reviewed explanation of how it applies to your specific situation, with next steps.
No. Reading and searching the codes is free with no login. Paid services — certified translation and the legal application report — are entirely optional.
Avocate au Barreau de Paris
Toque #C2396
15+ Years In French Corporate Practice
English · French · Russian
Ready When You Are
A 20–30 minute call, in English, to scope the engagement. No obligation, no preliminary fee. You will leave the call with a clear view of what the work will cover and what it will cost.
20+ full codes and 2,400+ articles in English, with the key court rulings linked to every article — free to read.
Read MoreA lawyer-reviewed report explaining how the relevant articles apply to your situation, with case-law analysis and next steps.
Read MoreScope your matter with a Paris-Bar avocate — incorporation, contracts, disputes — handled bilingually, end to end.
Read More
