Section 1: General provisions

Articles in this section · 14

Article 15-3-1-1

French Code of Criminal ProcedureIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

Any victim of a criminal offence may lodge a complaint and have his or her statement taken by the judicial police services or units by an audiovisual means of telecommunication guaranteeing the confidentiality of the transmission.

The victim is informed of his or her rights as set out in article 10-2.

The record of receipt of the complaint and the receipt shall be drawn up and sent in accordance with the procedures laid down in article 15-3-1.

The victim may not be forced to lodge a complaint using audiovisual means of telecommunication.

If justified by the nature or seriousness of the offence, the lodging of a complaint by the victim in accordance with the procedures set out in this article shall not exempt the investigators from conducting a new interview without using a means of telecommunication.

A decree of the Conseil d'Etat shall define the conditions for the use of audiovisual means of telecommunication. A decree in the Conseil d'Etat will define the procedures for applying this article. In particular, it shall specify the offences to which the procedure provided for in this article applies and the arrangements for supporting victims who make use of it.

A decree in the Conseil d'Etat, issued after consultation with the Commission nationale de l'informatique et des libertés, shall specify the procedures for processing personal data resulting from the procedure for lodging a complaint provided for in this article.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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