V: Minimum flat-rate assessment of taxable income based on certain lifestyle factors

Articles in this section · 1

Article 168

French General Tax CodeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

1. In the event of a marked disproportion between a taxpayer's lifestyle and his or her income, the income tax base is increased to a lump sum determined by applying the following scale to certain elements of this lifestyle, when this sum is greater than or equal to €50,447; this limit is increased each year in the same proportion as the upper limit of the first bracket of the income tax scale :

ELEMENTS OF LIVINGCOUNT

BASIS

1. Cadastral rental value of the main residence, less that applicable to business premises

Five times the cadastral rental value.

2. Cadastral rental value of second homes, less that applicable to business premises

Five times the cadastral rental value.

3. Domestic servants, tutors, preceptresses, governesses :

- for the first person aged under 60

4,600 €

- for each of the other persons

5,700 €

The base thus determined is reduced by half as regards persons employed mainly for the exercise of a profession.

The first domestic employee is disregarded.

The second domestic employee is disregarded where the number of persons aged 65 or infirm living in the same household is at least four.

4. Motor cars intended for the transport of people

The value of the new car with a 50% reduction after three years of use.

However, the base thus determined is reduced by half as regards cars belonging to war pensioners benefiting from the status of major invalids, as well as blind people and major civil invalids holding the "mobility inclusion" card bearing the "invalidity" mention provided for in article L. 241-3 of the Code de l'action sociale et des familles.

It is also reduced by half for cars that are assigned mainly to professional use. This reduction is limited to a single vehicle.

5. Motorbikes over 450 cm 3

The value of the new motorbike with a 50% reduction after three years of use.

6. Sailing yachts or pleasure boats with or without auxiliary motor of at least 3 tons international tonnage:

- for the first three tons

€1,140

- for each additional ton:

- from 4 to 10 barrels

340 €

- from 10 to 25 barrels

460 €

- over-over 25 tonnes

€910

This scale is quintupled for pleasure boats flying the flag of a country or territory that has not concluded an administrative assistance agreement with France to combat tax fraud and evasion.

The number of tonnes to be taken into consideration is equal to the number of tonnes corresponding to the gross tonnage less, where applicable, a deduction for obsolescence equal to 25%, 50% or 75% depending on whether the yacht or pleasure boat was completed more than five years, more than fifteen years or more than twenty-five years ago. The tonnage thus obtained is rounded down, if necessary, to the next lower unit.

7. Pleasure boats with a fixed or outboard engine with a real power of at least 20 hp:

- for the first twenty horsepower

910 €

- per additional horsepower

69 €

However, power is only counted for 75%, 50% or 25%, as regards boats built more than five years, fifteen years and twenty-five years ago respectively.

This scale is quintupled for pleasure boats flying the flag of a country or territory that has not signed an administrative assistance agreement with France to combat tax evasion and avoidance.

8. Touring aircraft: per horsepower of the actual power of each aircraft

€69

9. Racehorses aged at least two years within the meaning of the racing regulations:

- per thoroughbred horse

4,600 €

- per horse other than a thoroughbred and per trotter

2,700 €

10. Saddle horses: per horse aged at least two years from the second horse

1,370 €

11. Lease of hunting rights and shareholdings in hunting companies

Twice the amount of rents paid or shareholdings paid where it exceeds €4,600.

12. Golf clubs: shareholdings in golf clubs and subscriptions paid with a view to using their facilities

Twice the amount of sums paid where this exceeds €4,600.

The items used to determine the tax base are those available, during the year of taxation, to the members of the tax household designated in 1 and 3 of the article 6.

For items disposed of jointly by several people, the base is set in proportion to the rights of each of them.

The income referred to in this article is that which results from the taxpayer's declaration and, in the absence of a declaration, it is counted as zero.

2. (Repealed).

2 bis. The marked disproportion between a taxpayer's lifestyle and his income is established when the lump sum resulting from the application of the scale provided for in 1 exceeds by at least one third, for the year of taxation, the amount of the overall net income declared including income exempted or taxed at a proportional rate or released from tax by the application of a levy.

3. The taxpayer can provide proof that his income or the use of his capital or the loans he has taken out have enabled him to maintain his lifestyle.

Mariela Petrova

Need help applying this article to your situation?

A registered French Lawyer explains what applies to your business — in English, fixed fee.

within 48h

Fixed Fee

Talk to a lawyer
Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

English · French · Russian

Ready When You Are

Talk To A Corporate
Lawyer In France.

A 20–30 minute call, in English, to scope the engagement. No obligation, no preliminary fee. You will leave the call with a clear view of what the work will cover and what it will cost.

First EngagementFixed Fee

Talk to a French lawyer.

Reply within 24 hours.

Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

Continue Reading

Related corporate services in France

01 / Setup

Setting up a French company

Choose between SAS, SARL, SA or SCI — and structure your first French entity around how you actually plan to operate.

Read More
02 / Operating

French commercial contracts

Distribution, agency, supply, services and IP licences — drafted around the protections French law actually gives.

Read More
03 / Disputes

Business disputes & litigation

Shareholder conflicts, commercial breaches and pre-litigation strategy — handled by the same team that knows the file.

Read More