Chapter V: Geolocation

Articles in this section · 13

Article 230-41

French Code of Criminal ProcedureIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

The person under investigation or the witness may, within ten days of being informed of the content of the geolocation operations carried out within the framework provided for in

article 230-40,

contest, before the president of the investigating chamber, the use of the procedure provided for in that same article. If he or she considers that the geolocation operations were not carried out properly, that the conditions set out in the said article have not been met or that the information referred to in the said article is essential for the exercise of the rights of the defence, the president of the investigating chamber shall order the geolocation to be cancelled. However, if he considers that knowledge of this information is not or is no longer likely to seriously endanger the life or physical integrity of a person, the members of his family or his close relations, he may also order that the request and the report mentioned in the last paragraph of the same article be added to the file. The president of the investigating chamber will give a reasoned decision, which may not be appealed, in the light of the documents in the proceedings and those in the file referred to in the same paragraph.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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