Paragraph 1: General provisions

Articles in this section · 15

Article 388-5

French Code of Criminal ProcedureIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

In the event of prosecution by summons as provided for in article 390 or summons as provided for in article 390-1, the parties or their lawyer may, before any defence on the merits or at any time during the proceedings, request, by written submissions, that any act they consider necessary to establish the truth be carried out.

These submissions may be made before the start of the hearing, by registered letter with acknowledgement of receipt or by delivery to the clerk's office against receipt.

If he considers that all or some of the acts requested are justified and that it is possible to carry them out before the date of the hearing, the president of the court may, after consulting the public prosecutor, order them to be carried out in accordance with the rules applicable during the preliminary investigation. The reports or other documents relating to their execution are then attached to the case file and made available to the parties or their lawyer. If the accused or the victim have to be heard again, they have the right to be assisted, during their hearing, by their lawyer, pursuant to Article 63-4-3. The lawyer shall then be summoned no later than five working days before the hearing, and shall have access to the file no later than four working days before that date.

If the acts requested have not been ordered by the president of the court before the hearing, the court shall rule on the request and may by judgment assign one of its members or one of the investigating judges of the court, appointed under the conditions provided for in in Article 83, to proceed with additional information; Article 463 shall apply. If it refuses to order these acts, the court must give special reasons for its decision. The court may rule on this application without waiting for the judgment on the merits, by a judgment that may be appealed only at the same time as the judgment on the merits.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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