Paragraph 1: General provisions

Articles in this section · 6

Article 695-9-3

French Code of Criminal ProcedureIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

Any decision to freeze assets shall be accompanied by a certificate issued by the judicial authority that ordered the measure and containing the following information:

1° Identification of the judicial authority that issued, validated or confirmed the freezing order and of the authority competent to execute the said order in the issuing State, if different from the issuing authority;

2° (Repealed)

3° The date and purpose of the freezing order;

4° Data making it possible to identify the property or evidence which is the subject of the freezing order, in particular the precise description of such property or evidence, its location in the executing State and the designation of its owner or custodian...;

5° The identity of the natural or legal person or persons suspected of having committed the offence or who have been convicted and who are covered by the freezing order;

6° The reasons for the freezing order, a summary of the facts known to the judicial authority issuing the order, the nature and legal classification of the offence on which it is based including, where appropriate, an indication that the said offence falls, under the law of the issuing State, within one of the categories of offences referred to in Article 694-32 and is punishable therein by a custodial sentence of at least three years' imprisonment;

7° A full description of the offence where it does not fall within one of the categories of offences referred to in 6° ;

8° The means of appeal against the freezing order for the persons concerned, including bona fide third parties, available in the issuing State, the designation of the court before which the said appeal may be lodged and the time limit within which it may be lodged;

9° Where appropriate, the other relevant circumstances of the case;

10° The signature of the issuing judicial authority or that of its representative attesting to the accuracy of the information contained in the certificate.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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