Paragraph 1: Common provisions

Articles in this section · 3

Article A37-23

French Code of Criminal ProcedureIn force

Updated 5 Nov 2023

The front and back of sheet no. 1 of the bundle contain a reminder of the laws and regulations applicable to the offences mentioned in Article A. 37-21.

The fronts of leaflets nos 2, 3, 4 and 5 contain identical information by duplication effect.

Slip no. 2 constitutes the actual receipt; it is given with slip no. 1 to the offender or perpetrator.

On the front of slips nos 2, 3, 4 and 5, on the left-hand side, there is a section entitled: "A. Observation of an offence" aimed at collecting the identification of the ticketing service and the offender, the date and nature of the offence, the references of the texts punishing the said offence.

At the bottom of these sheets is a section entitled "B. Encaissement" intended to collect the amount of the fixed fine paid by the offender or the amount of the deposit paid by the offender.

Sheet No. 3 is given to the public accountant when the funds are paid by the ticketing officer.

Slip no. 4 is kept by the ticketing officer when a fixed fine is collected; in this case, it is equivalent to an official report. When a deposit is collected, this fourth section is attached to the official report.

Sheet no. 5 remains in the counterfoil booklet for immediate collection.

Slips nos 2, 3, 4 and 5 are signed by the ticketing officers and by the offender or perpetrator.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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