Chapter II: Transmission of requests, notifications or service by electronic means of telecommunication

Articles in this section · 7

Article D591

French Code of Criminal ProcedureIn force

Updated 5 Nov 2023

In accordance with the terms and conditions set out in an agreement between the Ministry of Justice and the national representative organisations of the Bars and Law Societies, the parties' lawyers may transmit the following requests, statements and observations by a secure means of telecommunication to the electronic address of the court or the relevant department thereof, a written record of which shall be kept:

1° Requests for copies of documents in a case file provided for by article R. 155 ;

1° bis. Requests and observations sent to the public prosecutor pursuant to Article 77-2, as well as referrals to the Public Prosecutor provided for by this article;

2° Requests for assisted witness status provided for by Article 80-1-1 ;

3° Requests for personality investigations provided for by the ninth paragraph of Article 81 ;

4° Requests from the civil party provided for by Article 81-1 ;

5° Requests for acts provided for by Article 82-1 ;

6° Requests for a finding of prescription provided for by Article 82-3 ;

7° Civil party filings and complaints addressed to the public prosecutor provided for respectively by the first and second paragraphs of Article 85 ;

8° The request for the return of an object placed in the hands of justice provided for by the second paragraph of Article 99 ;

9° Applications by an assisted witness to be examined, provided for by Article 113-6 ;

10° Requests for a copy of the investigation file provided for by the fourth paragraph of Article 114;

11° Declarations of the list of documents of which the lawyer wishes to provide his client with a copy, provided for in the seventh paragraph of Article 114;

12° Declarations of a change of declared address provided for in the last paragraph of article 116;

13° Requests for individual confrontations provided for by Article 120-1 ;

14° Requests for expert opinions provided for by Article 156 ;

15° Requests to modify the mission of an expert or to add a co-expert provided for by Article 161-1;

16° Observations concerning interim expert reports, provided for by Article 161-2;

17° Observations and requests for additional expert appraisals or counter-appraisals, provided for by Article 167;

18° Observations concerning provisional expert reports, provided for by Article 167-2 ;

19° Observations, requests for action and additional observations made pursuant to Article 175;

20° Requests made pursuant to Article 77-2;

21° Requests made pursuant to Article 495-15.

Any other request provided for by provisions of this code and for which these provisions allow it to be made by simple letter may also be transmitted in accordance with the provisions of this article.

Receipt of the request on the addressee's electronic mailbox shall give rise to the issue of an electronic acknowledgement of receipt, which shall, where applicable, start the time limits provided for in this code. However, if the request is received outside working days or after 5 p.m., the time limits do not begin to run until the next working day. Any request sent to an electronic address that is not on the list of addresses sent by the Ministry of Justice pursuant to the agreement provided for in the first paragraph shall be inadmissible.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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