Section 6: Right to use journalists' works

Articles in this section · 12

L132-35L132-36L132-37L132-38L132-39L132-40L132-41L132-42L132-42-1L132-43L132-44L132-45

Article L132-42-1

French Intellectual Property CodeIn force
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Updated 8 Nov 2023

Notwithstanding article

L. 2232-24

of the Labour Code, in companies not subject to the obligation to organise the elections provided for in Book III of Part Two of the same code, the agreements mentioned in articles

L. 132-37 to L. 132-41

,

L. 132-43 and L. 132-44

of this code may be negotiated and concluded, under the conditions provided for in

articles L. 2232-25 and L. 2232-26

of the Labour Code, by one or more professional journalists within the meaning of

articles L. 7111-3 to L. 7111-5

of the same code who regularly work for the press company and are mandated by one or more representative trade unions of professional journalists mentioned in

Article L. 132-44

of this code. These agreements are approved by a majority of the votes cast only by professional journalists within the meaning of articles L. 7111-3 to L. 7111-5 of the French Labour Code who regularly work for the press company, under the conditions set out in article

L. 2232-27

of the same code.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

English · French · Russian

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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