Paragraph 1: The Board of Directors and General Management

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Article L22-10-9

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

I.-Companies whose shares are admitted to trading on a regulated market shall present, in a clear and comprehensible manner, within the corporate governance report referred to in the last paragraph of Article L. 225-37, where applicable, for each corporate officer, including corporate officers whose term of office has ended and those newly appointed during the past financial year, the following information:

1° Total remuneration and benefits of any kind, distinguishing between fixed, variable and exceptional components, including in the form of equity securities, debt securities or securities giving access to the capital or entitling the holder to the allotment of debt securities of the company or companies referred to in Articles L. 228-13 and L. 228-93, paid by reason of the office during the past financial year, or allocated by reason of the office in respect of the same financial year, indicating the main conditions of exercise of the rights, in particular the price and date of exercise and any change in these conditions;

2° The relative proportion of fixed and variable remuneration;

3° The use of the possibility of requesting the return of variable remuneration ;

4° Commitments of any kind entered into by the company and corresponding to items of remuneration, compensation or benefits due or likely to be due as a result of the assumption, termination or change of duties or subsequent to the performance thereof, in particular pension commitments and other lifetime benefits, mentioning, under conditions and in accordance with procedures laid down by decree, the precise procedures for determining these commitments and an estimate of the amount of the sums likely to be paid in this respect;

5° Any remuneration paid or allocated by a company included in the scope of consolidation within the meaning of Article L. 233-16 ;

6° For the chairman of the board of directors, the chief executive officer and each deputy chief executive officer, the ratios between the level of remuneration of each of these executives and, on the one hand, the average remuneration on a full-time equivalent basis of the company's employees other than corporate officers, and on the other hand, the median remuneration on a full-time equivalent basis of the company's employees other than corporate officers ;

7° Annual changes in remuneration, the company's performance, the average remuneration on a full-time equivalent basis of the company's employees, other than corporate officers, and the ratios mentioned in 6°, over at least the five most recent financial years, presented together and in a manner that allows comparison;

8° An explanation of how total remuneration complies with the remuneration policy adopted, including how it contributes to the long-term performance of the company, and how the performance criteria have been applied;

9° The way in which the vote of the last ordinary general meeting provided for in I of Article L. 22-10-34 has been taken into account;

10° Any deviation from the procedure for implementing the remuneration policy and any derogation applied in accordance with the second paragraph of III of Article L. 22-10-8, including an explanation of the nature of the exceptional circumstances and an indication of the specific elements from which derogation is made;

11° Application of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article L. 225-45.

II.-The provisions of the last two paragraphs of article L. 225-102 shall apply to the information provided for in this article.

III.-The procedures for disclosing the information provided for in I of this article and the processing of personal data shall be laid down by decree in the Conseil d'Etat.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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