Chapter III: Limited liability companies.

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Article L223-11

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

A limited liability company, which has appointed a statutory auditor and whose accounts for the last three financial years of twelve months have been regularly approved by the members, may issue registered bonds provided that it does not make a public offer of these bonds or that it makes an offer mentioned in 1° of Article L. 411-2 of the Monetary and Financial Code.

The issue of bonds is decided by the general meeting of shareholders in accordance with the provisions applicable to general meetings of shareholders. These securities are subject to the provisions applicable to bonds issued by joint stock companies, with the exception of those set out in articles L. 228-39 to L. 228-43 and L. 228-51.

Failure to comply with any of the conditions laid down in the preceding paragraphs is punishable by the nullity of contracts entered into or bonds issued.

On pain of nullity of the guarantee, a limited liability company is prohibited from guaranteeing an issue of securities, except if the issue is made by a regional development company or if it is a bond issue benefiting from the subsidiary guarantee of the State.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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