Paragraph 1: Consumer rights

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Article L224-25-16

French Consumer CodeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

I.-Defects in conformity which become apparent within twelve months of the digital content or digital service being supplied are presumed to have existed at the time of that supply, in the absence of proof to the contrary.

Where the contract provides for the continuous supply of the digital content or the digital service over a given period, the burden of proof as to whether the digital content or the digital service was in conformity during the contractual period of supply shall lie with the trader in the case of a lack of conformity appearing during that period.

II.-The trader shall not be held liable for the non-conformity of the digital content or the digital service. II - The trader shall not be held liable for a lack of conformity if he demonstrates that the lack of conformity is directly attributable to the incompatibility between the digital content or the digital service and the consumer's digital environment, and that the consumer had been informed by the trader of the technical compatibility requirements for this content or service prior to the conclusion of the contract.

The consumer is obliged to cooperate with the trader if the lack of conformity is directly attributable to the incompatibility between the digital content or the digital service and the consumer's digital environment. The consumer is obliged to cooperate with the trader, as far as is reasonably possible, necessary and least intrusive for him, in order to determine whether the lack of conformity is caused by that incompatibility. Otherwise, the burden of proof referred to in the first or second paragraph of I of this Article, shall lie with the consumer provided that the consumer has been informed in a clear and comprehensible manner of his obligation to cooperate prior to the conclusion of the contract.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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