Section 5: Takeover bids

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Article L233-32

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

I. - During the period of a takeover bid for a company whose shares are admitted to trading on a regulated market, the Board of Directors or the Management Board, with the authorisation of the target company's Supervisory Board, may take any decision the implementation of which is likely to cause the bid to fail, subject to the powers expressly granted to General Meetings within the limits of the company's corporate interests.

II. - Without prejudice to other measures permitted by law, the Extraordinary General Meeting of the target company, ruling under the quorum and majority conditions provided for in Article L. 225-98, may decide to issue warrants entitling the holder to subscribe, on preferential terms, for shares in the said company, and to allocate them free of charge to all shareholders in the said company who have this status before the expiry of the public offer period.

The General Meeting may delegate this authority to the Board of Directors or the Management Board. It sets the maximum amount of the capital increase that may result from the exercise of these warrants and the maximum number of warrants that may be issued.

The delegation may also provide for the setting of conditions relating to the obligation or prohibition, for the Board of Directors or the Management Board, to proceed with the issue and free allocation of these warrants, to postpone or waive them. The target company shall inform the public of its intention to issue these warrants before the offer closes.

The terms of exercise of these warrants, which must relate to the terms of the offer or any competing offer, as well as the other characteristics of these warrants, including the exercise price or the methods for determining this price, are set by the General Meeting or, on delegation of the latter, by the Board of Directors or the Management Board. These warrants shall automatically lapse as soon as the offer and any competing offer fail, lapse or are withdrawn.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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