Chapter I: Operating conditions.

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Article L4141-3

French Public Health CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

The evidence of formal qualifications required in application of 1° of Article L. 4111-1 is, for the practice of the profession of dental surgeon :

1° Either the French State diploma of doctor of dental surgery ;

2° Or the French State diploma of dental surgeon;

3° Or, if the person concerned is a national of a Member State of the European Union or a party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area:

a) Evidence of formal qualifications as a dental practitioner issued by one of these States in accordance with Community obligations and appearing on a list drawn up by order of the ministers responsible for higher education and health ;

b) Evidence of formal qualifications as a dental practitioner issued by a Member State or a State Party in accordance with Community obligations, which is not on the list referred to in a), if accompanied by a certificate from that State stating that they attest to training in accordance with those obligations and that they are treated by it in the same way as the diplomas, certificates and evidence of formal qualifications on that list;

c) Evidence of formal qualifications as a dental practitioner issued by a Member State or a State Party, attesting to training as a dental practitioner begun in that State prior to the dates shown in the order referred to in a) and which does not comply with Community obligations, if they are accompanied by a certificate from one of these States stating that the holder of evidence of formal qualifications has effectively and lawfully been engaged in the activities of a dental practitioner or, where appropriate, a specialist dental practitioner in that State for at least three consecutive years during the five years preceding the issue of the certificate;

d) evidence of formal qualifications as a dental practitioner issued by the former Soviet Union or the former Yugoslavia or which attests a course of training commenced before the date of independence of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania or Slovenia, if accompanied by a certificate from the competent authorities of Estonia, Latvia or Lithuania, Latvia or Lithuania for evidence of formal qualifications issued by the former Soviet Union, or Slovenia for evidence of formal qualifications issued by the former Yugoslavia, certifying that they have the same legal validity as evidence of formal qualifications issued by that State.

This attestation is accompanied by a certificate issued by the same authorities stating that the holder has effectively and lawfully been engaged in the profession of dental practitioner or specialised dental practitioner in that State for at least three consecutive years during the five years prior to the issue of the certificate;

e) Evidence of formal qualifications as a dental practitioner issued by a Member State or a Member State Party, attesting to dental practitioner training begun in that State prior to the dates given in the order referred to in a and which does not comply with Community obligations, but which allows the profession of dental practitioner to be legally practised in the State which issued it, if the dental practitioner can prove that, during the previous five years, he/she has performed three consecutive years of full-time hospital work in France, where applicable in the speciality corresponding to the evidence of formal qualifications, as an associate attaché, associate practitioner or associate assistant, or university work as a university associate clinical director or university associate assistant, provided that he/she has been in charge of hospital work at the same time;

f) Evidence of formal qualifications as a doctor issued in Italy, Spain, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Romania attesting to training commenced no later than the dates laid down by order of the ministers responsible for higher education and health, if it is accompanied by a certificate from the competent authorities of that State certifying that it entitles the holder in that State to practise the profession of dental practitioner and that the holder has effectively and lawfully been engaged in the activities of a dental practitioner in that State for at least three consecutive years during the five years preceding the issue of the certificate.

g) Evidence of formal qualifications as a dental practitioner issued by a Member State or a Member State Party, attesting to training commenced before 18 January 2016;

h) Evidence of formal qualifications as a doctor issued by Spain attesting to training as a doctor commenced in that State between 1 January 1986 and 31 December 1997, if accompanied by a certificate issued by the competent authorities of that State stating that the holder has successfully completed at least three years of study in accordance with the Community requirements for basic training for the profession of dental practitioner, that he/she has effectively, lawfully and principally practised the profession of dental practitioner for at least three consecutive years during the five years prior to the issue of the attestation and that he/she is authorised to practise or effectively, lawfully and principally practises this profession under the same conditions as holders of evidence of formal qualifications included on the list referred to in a.

In the case of evidence of formal qualifications issued by Italy, the person concerned must also, depending on the date on which the training began, produce a certificate stating that he has passed an aptitude test organised by the competent Italian authorities.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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