Chapter I: Operating conditions.

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Article L4151-5

French Public Health CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

The evidence of formal qualifications required in application of 1° of article L. 4111-1 is, for the practice of the profession of midwife :

1° Either the French State diploma in midwifery, for students who began the second year of the first cycle of studies in midwifery before 1st September 2024;

1° bis Or the French State diploma of doctor in midwifery;

2° Or, if the applicant is a national of a Member State of the European Union or a party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area :

a) Evidence of formal qualifications in midwifery issued by one of these States in accordance with Community requirements and appearing on a list drawn up by order of the ministers responsible for higher education and health ;

b) Evidence of formal qualifications as a midwife awarded by a Member State or a State Party in accordance with Community obligations, which does not appear on the list referred to in a, if it is accompanied by a certificate from that State stating that it attests to training in accordance with those obligations and by a certificate indicating the type of training followed, supplemented, where appropriate, by professional practice, and that it is treated by that State in the same way as the diplomas, certificates and evidence of formal qualifications appearing on that list;

c) Evidence of formal qualifications as a midwife issued by one of these States in accordance with Community obligations, not appearing on the list referred to in a and not accompanied by the attestation of professional practice referred to in b, if a Member State or a Contracting Party attests that the person concerned has effectively and lawfully been engaged in the activities of a midwife for at least two consecutive years during the five years prior to the issue of this attestation;

d) Evidence of formal qualifications as a midwife issued by a Member State or a Contracting State, attesting to training as a midwife commenced in that State prior to the dates appearing in the decree referred to in a and which does not comply with Community obligations, if it is accompanied by a certificate from one of those States stating that the holder of the evidence of formal qualifications has effectively and lawfully been engaged in the activities of a midwife in that State for at least three consecutive years during the five years prior to the issue of that certificate;

e) evidence of formal qualifications as a midwife issued by the former Czechoslovakia, the former Soviet Union or the former Yugoslavia or which attests a course of training commenced before the date of independence of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania or Slovenia, if accompanied by a certificate from the competent authorities of the Czech Republic or Slovakia in the case of evidence of formal qualifications issued by the former Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Latvia or Lithuania for evidence of formal qualifications issued by the former Soviet Union, or Slovenia for evidence of formal qualifications issued by the former Yugoslavia, certifying that they have the same legal validity as evidence of formal qualifications issued by that State.

This attestation is accompanied by a certificate issued by the same authorities stating that the holder has effectively and lawfully been practising the profession of midwife in that State for at least three consecutive years during the five years prior to the issue of the certificate;

f) Evidence of formal qualifications as a midwife attesting to training commenced in Romania prior to the dates laid down in the order referred to in a and which does not comply with Community obligations, if that State certifies that the person concerned has effectively and lawfully been practising the profession of midwife in that State for periods laid down by order of the Minister for Health.

g) Evidence of formal qualifications as a midwife awarded in Poland to professionals who completed their training before 1 May 2004 and which does not comply with Community obligations, if that State certifies that the person concerned has effectively and lawfully been practising the profession of midwife in that State for periods laid down by order of the Minister for Health, or if the evidence of formal qualifications includes a special upgrading programme enabling it to be treated in the same way as an evidence of formal qualifications appearing on the list referred to in a ;

h) Evidence of formal qualifications as a midwife issued by a Member State or a Member State Party, attesting to training that began before 18 January 2016.

The list of certificates that must accompany evidence of formal qualifications is set by order of the ministers responsible for higher education and health.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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