Chapter IV: Decisions and appeals.

Articles in this section · 14

Article L464-9

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

The Minister responsible for the economy may enjoin undertakings to put an end to the practices referred to in Articles L. 420-1 to L. 420-2-2 and L. 420-5 or contrary to measures taken pursuant to l'article L. 410-3 of which they are the perpetrators when these practices do not concern facts covered by Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and provided that the turnover that each of them achieved in France during the last financial year for which the accounts have been closed does not exceed 50 million euros and that their combined turnover does not exceed 200 million euros.

The Minister for the Economy may also, under the same conditions, propose that they reach a settlement. The amount of the settlement may not exceed €150,000 or 5% of the last known turnover in France, whichever is lower. The terms of the settlement are set by decree in the Conseil d'Etat. The timely fulfilment of the obligations resulting from the injunction and the acceptance of the settlement extinguishes any action before the Autorité de la concurrence for the same facts. The Minister responsible for the economy shall inform the Autorité de la concurrence of any settlements reached.

The injunction referred to in the first paragraph of this article and the settlement referred to in the second paragraph may be publicised, under conditions laid down by decree in the Conseil d'Etat.

In this case, the trader shall be informed, during the adversarial procedure prior to the injunction being issued, of the nature and terms of the planned publicity. The publicity is carried out at the expense of the trader who is the subject of the injunction or accepts the settlement.

It may not propose a settlement or impose an injunction where the same facts have previously been the subject of a referral to the Competition Authority by a company or body referred to in the second paragraph of Article L. 462-1, unless the Competition Authority has rejected the referral on the basis of the third paragraph of Article L. 462-8.

In the event of a refusal to compromise, the Minister responsible for the economy shall refer the matter to the Competition Authority. He shall also refer the matter to the Competition Authority in the event of failure to comply with the injunctions provided for in the first paragraph or with the obligations resulting from acceptance of the settlement.

The sums resulting from the settlement shall be paid to the Treasury and recovered in the same way as receivables unrelated to taxation and the domain.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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