Subsection 6: Inspections

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Article L513-23

French Monetary and Financial CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

In each "Société de Crédit Foncier", a Specific Controller and an Alternate Specific Controller chosen from among the persons registered on the list of Statutory Auditors are appointed for a term of four years by the directors of the company, with the approval of the Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution.

The alternate Specific Auditor is called upon to replace the incumbent in the event of refusal, impediment, resignation or death. His duties end on the expiry date of the mandate entrusted to the incumbent, unless the impediment is only temporary. In the latter case, once the impediment has ceased, the incumbent shall resume his duties after the report provided for in the fifth paragraph of this Article has been drawn up.

The auditor of the société de crédit foncier, the auditor of any company controlling the société de crédit foncier within the meaning of Article L. 233-3 of the Commercial Code, or the auditor of a company controlled directly or indirectly by a company controlling the société de crédit foncier may not be appointed as Specific Controller or Substitute Specific Controller.

The controller ensures that the company complies with articles L. 513-2 to L. 513-12. He verifies that the contributions made to a société de crédit foncier comply with the purpose defined in article L. 513-2 and meet the conditions set out in articles L. 513-3 to L. 513-7. In addition, for the obligations foncières for which the société de crédit foncier wishes to obtain the label or has obtained the label of high-quality European guaranteed bond mentioned in Article L. 513-26-1, it verifies, under the conditions defined by order of the Minister responsible for the economy, compliance with the requirements of Article 129 of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 of 26 June 2013.

The auditor shall certify the documents sent to the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution in respect of compliance with the above provisions. He shall draw up an annual report on the performance of his duties for the company's management and decision-making bodies, a copy of which shall be sent to the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution.

He shall attend all shareholders' meetings and shall be heard by the Board of Directors or the Executive Board at his request.

The Controller, as well as his employees and experts, are bound by professional secrecy with regard to facts, acts and information that may come to their knowledge in the course of their duties. However, they are exempt from professional secrecy with regard to the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution, to which they are required to report immediately any fact or decision of which they have become aware in the course of their duties and which is likely to affect the conditions or continuity of the operations of the société de crédit foncier. Professional secrecy is also waived, within the scope of their respective duties, between the Specific Controller and the statutory auditors of the société de crédit foncier and of any company controlling the société de crédit foncier within the meaning of Article L. 233-3 of the French Commercial Code. The Specific Controller discloses to the Public Prosecutor any criminal acts of which he has knowledge, without his liability being engaged by such disclosure.

The Specific Controller shall be liable, both to the company and to third parties, for the harmful consequences of any misconduct or negligence on his part in the performance of his duties.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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