Section 1: Compliance orders

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Article L521-1

French Consumer CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

When the authorised agents observe a failure or infringement with the powers provided for in this book, they may, after an adversarial procedure, enjoin a professional, by setting a reasonable time limit which they shall determine, to comply with its obligations, to cease any unlawful act or to remove any unlawful or prohibited clause.

Any injunction issued pursuant to this article may be accompanied by a daily penalty payment of up to 3,000 euros.

The total sums requested for the liquidation of the periodic penalty payment may not exceed 300,000 euros.

Where the established infringement is punishable by a fine of at least 75,000 euros, the periodic penalty payment ordered pursuant to this article may be determined on the basis of the worldwide turnover excluding tax achieved during the last financial year of the controlled legal entity, without being able to exceed 0.1% of this turnover.

The total of the sums requested for the liquidation of the periodic penalty payment may not exceed 5% of the worldwide turnover excluding tax for the last financial year for which the accounts have been closed. If the injunction is addressed to a legal entity whose accounts have been consolidated or combined pursuant to the provisions applicable to its corporate form, the turnover taken into account is that shown in the consolidated or combined accounts of the consolidating or combining legal entity.

The injunction shall specify the amount of the daily penalty incurred.

The daily penalty shall run from the day following the expiry of the time limit set for the trader to comply with the injunction.

In the event of total or partial non-compliance or late compliance, the administrative authority responsible for competition and consumer affairs may proceed, under the conditions provided for in Article L. 522-5, to liquidate the penalty.

In determining the total amount of the liquidated astreinte, it shall take into account the circumstances of the case.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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