Chapter I: Commencement of proceedings.

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Article L621-10

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

The financial administrations, bodies and institutions mentioned in the first paragraph of Article L. 626-6 shall be appointed as auditors if they so request; if the juge-commissaire receives several requests in this respect, he shall appoint a single auditor from among them. The institutions referred to in Article L. 3253-14 of the Labour Code shall also be designated as controllers if they so request.

No relative or ally up to and including the fourth degree of the natural person debtor or of the managers of the legal entity, nor any person holding directly or indirectly all or part of the capital of the debtor legal entity or whose capital is held in whole or in part by the same person, may be appointed as controller or representative of a legal entity designated as controller.

Where the debtor practises a liberal profession subject to a legislative or regulatory statute or whose title is protected, the professional order or competent authority to which, as the case may be, he is subject shall be ex officio controller. In this case, the juge-commissaire may not appoint more than four controllers.

The controller is only liable in the event of gross negligence. He may be represented by one of his employees or by a lawyer. Any creditor appointed as controller may be dismissed by the court at the request of the public prosecutor.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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