Section 3: Appeals against the decision of the departmental committee.

Articles in this section · 8

Article L752-23

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

One month before the date on which the project is due to open to the public, the beneficiary must send the representative of the State in the department, the mayor and the chairman of the public establishment for inter-communal cooperation with its own tax system, of which the commune in which the project is to be implemented is a member, a certificate drawn up at the beneficiary's expense by a body authorised by the representative of the State in the department, attesting to compliance with the commercial development authorisation issued to the beneficiary or with articles L. 752-1-1 and L. 752-2.


If the certificate is not issued within the prescribed timeframe, the operation of the surfaces concerned is deemed to be unlawful.



If the certificate is not issued within the prescribed timeframe, the project is deemed to be unlawful. If the certificate is not issued within the prescribed period, the areas concerned will be deemed to be unlawful.


II.The agents mentioned in article L. 752-5-1 and the agents authorised by the municipality or by the public establishment for inter-communal cooperation with its own tax system, if it is competent, establishing the unlawful operation of a sales area or, in the case of permanent points for the withdrawal of retail purchases by customers, the operation of an unauthorised floor area or number of supply lanes, draw up a report which they send to the State representative in the department in which the project is located.


The State representative in the department in which the project is located is responsible for issuing the certificate. The representative of the State in the département will give formal notice to the operator concerned either to close the illegally operated sales areas to the public, in the case of a new project, or to reduce the sales area to the level authorised by the relevant commercial development commission, within three months of the date on which the infringement report is sent to the petitioner. Without prejudice to the application of criminal penalties, failing this, it will issue an order, within a period of fifteen days, to close the unlawfully operated sales areas to the public until the situation has been rectified. These measures will be accompanied by a daily penalty payment of up to €150 per square metre illegally operated.


In the case of permanent points for the withdrawal of retail purchases by customers, the surface area referred to in the second paragraph of this II is equal to the sum of the surface areas set out in Article L. 752-16.


Failure to carry out the measures taken by the State representative in the department and provided for in the second paragraph of this II is punishable by a fine of €15,000.


The database referred to in article L. 751-9 lists the certificates issued in accordance with I of this article, the reports on illegal operations referred to in II, the formal notices issued, the deposits ordered, the restoration work carried out ex officio, the closure orders issued and the fines imposed by the representatives of the State in the départements in application of II of this article or article L. 752-1.


III.-The terms and conditions for the application of this article are set out in article L. 751-9. III.-The detailed rules for the application of this article are determined by decree in the Council of State.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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