Subsection 2: Conditions for admission to the profession.

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Article L812-3

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

No one may be entered on the list by the commission unless he or she meets the following conditions:

1° Be French or a national of a Member State of the European Community or of a State party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area;

2° Not have been the perpetrator of acts contrary to honour or probity which have given rise to a criminal conviction;

3° Have not been the perpetrator of acts of the same nature that have given rise to a disciplinary or administrative sanction of removal from office, striking off the register, revocation, withdrawal of authorisation or withdrawal of authorisation;

4° Have not been subject to personal bankruptcy or one of the prohibition or disqualification measures provided for in Chapter V of Title II of Book VI of this Code, in Title VI of the loi n° 85-98 du 25 janvier 1985 précitée ou, dans le régime antérieur à cette loi, au titre II de la loi n° 67-563 du 13 juillet 1967 précitée;

5° Be the holder of a master's degree in the administration and liquidation of distressed companies and fulfil the conditions of experience or probationary period set by regulation, or have passed the examination for access to the professional probationary period, completed this probationary period and passed the examination of aptitude for the duties of judicial representative.

Only persons holding the qualifications or diplomas determined by decree may be admitted to sit the examination for access to the professional traineeship.

A decree in the Conseil d'Etat sets the conditions of competence and professional experience giving entitlement to exemption from the examination for access to the professional traineeship, from all or part of the professional traineeship and from all or part of the examination of aptitude for the duties of judicial representative. This decree also specifies the conditions of experience or internship required for registration on the list mentioned in the first paragraph of this article, in addition to holding the diploma mentioned in 5°.

Registered legal entities may only exercise the functions of judicial representative through one of their members who is himself registered on the list.

The diploma, traineeship and professional examination requirements set out in the sixth and seventh paragraphs are waived for persons who can prove that they have acquired, in a Member State of the European Communities other than France or another State party to the Agreement on the European Economic Area, a sufficient qualification to practise the profession of judicial representative, subject to having undergone, under conditions set by decree in the Conseil d'Etat, an examination to test their knowledge. The list of candidates admitted to sit the examination is drawn up by the commission.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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