Sub-paragraph 1: Communication and registration of documents.

Articles in this section · 7

Article R123-152-2

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 6 Nov 2023

The extracts or certificates referred to in the last paragraph of Article R. 123-152 are issued by the court clerks on an electronic medium under the following conditions:

1° They are drawn up using a system for processing, storing and transmitting information that guarantees the integrity of its content and is approved by the Conseil national des greffiers des tribunaux de commerce ;

2° The information communication systems implemented by the registrars must be interoperable with each other and with the bodies to which they must transmit these data;

3° The extracts or certificates bear the secure electronic signature of the registrar who drew them up, as defined by the décret n° 2017-1416 du 28 septembre 2017 relatif à la signature électronique;

4°They must be stored under conditions that preserve their integrity and legibility ;

5° Registrars shall also keep all information relating to extracts and certificates issued, such as data enabling them to be identified, their properties to be determined and their traceability to be ensured;

6° In addition, they shall keep, on a daily basis, a register on an electronic medium of all extracts and certificates that they issue;

7° This register shall mention the date, the nature, the names of the addressees of the extracts and certificates, the medium on which they were issued and any other information prescribed by the laws and regulations;

8° The image of the court clerk's seal must appear on the extracts or certificates issued.

An order of the Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice, shall specify, as necessary, the terms and conditions for the application of this article.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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