Subsection 5: Professional qualifications, procedures and quality system

Articles in this section · 6

Article R1333-68

French Public Health CodeIn force

Updated 5 Nov 2023

I.-The use of ionising radiation on the human body is reserved for doctors and dental surgeons who can prove that they have the skills required to perform procedures using ionising radiation and, under the conditions defined in article L. 4351-1, for medical electroradiology technicians.

Healthcare professionals who have received appropriate training in the medical use of ionising radiation may be involved in the procedures for performing the acts.

II - The optimisation process is implemented by the persons performing the procedure and the medical radiation technologists, drawing on the expertise of the medical physicists.

In radiotherapy, the other professionals involved in implementing the optimisation process receive appropriate training in dose planning.

In nuclear medicine, pharmacists, the persons mentioned in Article L. 5126-3 and medical electroradiology manipulators, under the conditions set out in this article, are involved in the optimisation process as necessary.

III - The roles of the various professionals involved in the optimisation process are formalised in the quality assurance system referred to in Article R. 1333-70.

IV-All the professionals mentioned in this article receive ongoing training in the radiation protection of patients as defined in II of Article R. 1333-69.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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