Sub-paragraph 1: Fonds commun de placement à risques.

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Article R214-46

French Monetary and Financial CodeIn force

Updated 6 Nov 2023

I. - The entities mentioned in 2° of II of article L. 214-28 in which venture capital mutual funds may invest are those which limit the liability of their investors to the amount of their contributions.

II. - For the purposes of calculating the numerator of the 50% quota stipulated in I of article L. 214-28, the rights representing a financial investment in the entities mentioned in I are taken into account in proportion to the direct investment of these entities in securities eligible for this same 50% quota, excluding rights in other entities of the same type.

This proportion of direct investment is calculated by reference to:

1° either the last inventory of the assets of the said entities, prior to pre-liquidation where applicable ;

2° or to the statutory or contractual commitments to invest directly in eligible securities made by the said entities insofar as the latter have not entered the pre-liquidation period mentioned in articles R. 214-40 and R. 214-41 when the fund is subscribed.

When the said entities have made a statutory or contractual commitment to the fund regarding the proportion of their assets made up of securities or rights included in the investment quota provided for in I of article L. 214-28, this proportion applies to the initial contractual subscription commitments given by the fund to the said entities, provided that these commitments are irrevocable.

In the absence of a statutory or contractual commitment by these entities, only 50% of the contractual subscription commitments given by the fund to these entities are taken into account, provided that these commitments are irrevocable.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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