Paragraph 2: Authorised examinations and samples.

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Article R232-64

French Sports CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

The laboratory called upon in application of article L. 232-18 analyses the A sample sent in application of article R. 232-62.

Unless otherwise requested by the Agency, it retains the B sample with a view to a possible control analysis. This is carried out automatically at the request of the person concerned. It is carried out at the athlete's expense and under the conditions provided for by international standards.

If the athlete or his representative is unavailable on the dates proposed for the analysis of the sample, the laboratory will carry out the analysis in the presence of an independent witness, appointed by the laboratory, at the athlete's expense.

The presence of a Prohibited Substance in an Athlete's Sample shall be deemed established in each of the following situations:

the substance or one of its metabolites or markers was detected in the A sample and the athlete waives analysis of the B sample, which is not analyzed;

-the B sample is analyzed and the results of this analysis confirm the presence of the substance or one of its metabolites or markers detected in the A sample;

-The A or B Sample is split into two parts and analysis of the confirmatory part of the Sample confirms the presence of the Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers found in the first part of the split Sample, or the Athlete waives analysis of the confirmatory part of the split Sample.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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