Paragraph 1: General procedural rules

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Article R331-31

French Intellectual Property CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

The experts referred to in Article R. 331-30 are appointed by the chairman of the Autorité de régulation de la communication audiovisuelle et numérique on a proposal from the rapporteur in charge of investigating the case. The chairman's decision shall define the subject of the expert report, set the time limit for its completion and assess the corresponding foreseeable fees.

The fees and costs of the expert report shall be borne by the party that requested it or by the authority, in the event that the expert report is ordered ex officio by the chairman on the proposal of the rapporteur. However, the authority may, in its decision on the merits of the case, require certain parties to bear all or part of the final cost of the expert assessment under the conditions laid down in Article R. 331-44.

When an expert assessment is requested by a party and accepted by the Chairman, the amount of an advance equal to the fees provided for by the expert is recorded at the Chairman's request. If several parties are required to make such a deposit, the chairman shall indicate in what proportion each party must deposit.

The expert report shall be given to the rapporteur in charge of the investigation of the case, who shall place it in the case file.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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