Subsection 2: Business-to-business loans

Articles in this section · 3

Article R511-2-1-2

French Monetary and Financial CodeIn force

Updated 6 Nov 2023

A company may only grant a loan as referred to in 3a of article L. 511-6 if the following four conditions are met:

1° On the closing date of each of the two financial years preceding the date on which the loan is granted, the lending company's equity exceeds the amount of the share capital and the gross operating surplus is positive;

2° The net cash position, defined as the value of current financial assets with a maturity of less than one year, less the value of current financial debts with a maturity of less than one year, recorded on the closing date of each of the two financial years of the lending company preceding the date on which the loan is granted, is positive;

3° The total principal amount of all loans granted under 3a of Article L. 511-6 by a single company during a financial year may not exceed a ceiling equal to the smaller of the following two amounts:

a) 50% of the net cash position or 10% of this amount calculated on a consolidated basis at the level of the group of companies to which the lending undertaking belongs ;

b) 10 million euros, 50 million euros or 100 million euros for loans granted respectively by a small or medium-sized enterprise, an intermediate-sized enterprise or a large enterprise, as defined inarticle 3 of decree no. 2008-1354 of 18 December 2008 on the criteria for determining the category to which an enterprise belongs for the purposes of statistical and economic analysis;

4° The total principal amount of all loans granted by the same company to another company during a financial year may not exceed the greater of the following two amounts:

a) 5% of the ceiling defined in 3° ;

b) 25% of the ceiling defined in 3°, up to a maximum of €10,000.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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