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Showing 2181–2190 of 50814 articles for “Art. I · CE 12 October 2018 n° 401292 · TA Rennes 13 December 2001 · BOI-BIC-PVMV-20-40-20”
An authentic instrument is one that has been received, with the requisite solemnities, by a public official with the competence and capacity to act.It may be drawn up in electronic form if it is estab…
Except where the law provides otherwise, proof may be provided by any means.
The deed under private signature countersigned by the lawyers of each of the parties or by the lawyer of all the parties is proof of the handwriting and signature of the parties, both with regard to t…
A reliable copy has the same probative value as the original. Reliability is left to the discretion of the judge. Nevertheless, an enforceable or authentic copy of an authentic writing is deemed relia…
Any payment presupposes a debt; what has been received without being due is subject to restitution. Restitution is not admitted in respect of natural obligations which have been voluntarily discharged…
Novation takes place only if both the old obligation and the new obligation are valid, unless its declared object is to substitute a valid undertaking for an undertaking which is vitiated by a defect.
Novation agreed between the creditor and one of the joint and several debtors discharges the others. A novation agreed between the creditor and a guarantor does not release the principal debtor. It re…
Where the delegator is indebted to the delegatee but the delegatee has not discharged him of his debt, the delegation gives the delegatee a second debtor. Payment made by one of the two debtors discha…
The impossibility of performing the service discharges the debtor to the extent of such impossibility if it is due to force majeure and is definitive, unless the debtor has agreed to take responsibili…
The assignment of a claim is a contract by which the assigning creditor transfers, for valuable consideration or free of charge, all or part of his claim against the assigned debtor to a third party c…
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