Section 1: General provisions

Articles in this section · 33

Article 194

French Code of Criminal ProcedureIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

The Public Prosecutor shall prepare the case for trial within forty-eight hours of receipt of the documents in matters of pre-trial detention and within ten days in all other matters; he shall submit it, together with his closing arguments, to the Investigating Chamber.

In the cases provided for by articles 173 and 186-1, or when it is directly seised pursuant to articles 81, ninth paragraph, 82-1, second paragraph, 156, second paragraph, or 167, penultimate paragraph, the Investigating Chamber must give its ruling within two months of the transmission of the file to the Public Prosecutor by the President of the Investigating Chamber.

The same shall apply in the event of an appeal in matters of judicial supervision or house arrest with electronic surveillance; failing this, in the event of an appeal against an order for placement under judicial supervision or house arrest with electronic surveillance or a refusal to release one of these two measures, the release thereof shall be acquired ipso jure, unless verifications concerning the person's request have been ordered or if unforeseeable and insurmountable circumstances prevent the case from being decided within the period provided for in this article.

In matters of pre-trial detention, the Investigating Chamber must rule as soon as possible and at the latest within ten days of the appeal in the case of an order for detention and within fifteen days in other cases, failing which the person concerned shall be released automatically, unless verifications concerning the person's request have been ordered or unforeseeable and insurmountable circumstances prevent the case from being heard within the period provided for in this article.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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