Sub-section 1: Method of registration of mortgages

Articles in this section · 14

Article 2423

French Civil CodeIn force

Updated 6 Nov 2023

The registration of mortgages is carried out by the department responsible for land registration on the filing of two forms dated, signed and certified as true by the signatory of the certificate of identity provided for in articles 5 and 6 of the decree of 4 January 1955; a decree in the Council of State determines the conditions of form with which the form intended to be kept by this department must comply. In the event that the registrant does not use a regulatory form, the service responsible for land registration will nevertheless accept the deposit, subject to the provisions of the penultimate paragraph of this article.

However, for the registration of legal mortgages attached to sentencing judgments and judicial mortgages, the creditor shall also submit, either by himself or by a third party, to the said department:

1° The original, an authenticated copy or a literal extract of the judicial decision giving rise to the mortgage, where this results from the provisions of Article 2401;

2° The judge's authorisation, the judicial decision or the title for a judicial mortgage.

Each of the slips contains exclusively the information and particulars laid down by decree in the Conseil d'Etat.

Filing is refused:

1° In the absence of presentation of the title generating the security for the legal mortgage attached to sentencing judgments and for the judicial mortgage;

2° In the absence of the mention referred to of the certification of the identity of the parties prescribed by articles 5 and 6 of the decree of 4 January 1955, or if the properties are not individually designated, with an indication of the commune where they are located.

If the service responsible for land registration, after accepting the deposit, finds that one of the prescribed particulars has been omitted, or that there is a discrepancy between, on the one hand, the particulars relating to the identity of the parties or the designation of the properties contained in the slip, and, on the other hand, these same statements contained in the slips or titles already published since 1 January 1956, the formality is rejected, unless the applicant regularises the slip or produces evidence establishing its accuracy, in which case the formality takes precedence on the date of submission of the slip recorded in the register of deposits.

The formality is also rejected when the slips contain an amount of secured debt greater than that shown in the title for the legal mortgage attached to sentencing judgments and for the judicial mortgage as well as, in the hypothesis referred to in the first paragraph of this article, if the applicant does not substitute a new slip on the regulatory form for the slip that is irregular in form.

The decree provided for above shall determine the procedures for refusal to file or rejection of the formality.

Mariela Petrova

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Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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