Section 1 : General rules on the form of wills.

Articles in this section · 14

Article 976

French Civil CodeIn force

Updated 7 Nov 2023

When the testator wishes to make a mystical will, the paper containing the provisions or the paper to be used as an envelope, if there is one, shall be closed, sealed and sealed.

The testator shall present it thus closed, sealed and sealed to the notary and to two witnesses, or he shall cause it to be closed, sealed and sealed in their presence, and he shall declare that the contents of this paper are his will, signed by him, and written by him or by another, affirming, in the latter case, that he has personally verified the wording thereof; he shall indicate, in all cases, the mode of writing employed (handwritten or mechanical).

The notary will draw up, in patent, the act of suscription which he will write or cause to be written by hand or mechanically on this paper or on the sheet which will serve as an envelope and will bear the date and indication of the place where it was made, the description of the envelope and the impression of the seal, and mention of all the above formalities; this act will be signed both by the testator and by the notary and the witnesses.

All the above shall be done immediately and without detracting from other acts.

In the event that the testator, through an impediment occurring since the signing of the will, is unable to sign the act of suscription, mention shall be made of the declaration he has made and the reason he has given.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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