Subsection 2: The Management Board and the Supervisory Board.

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Article L225-82

French Commercial codeIn force

Updated 8 Nov 2023

The Supervisory Board may only validly deliberate if at least half of its members are present.

Unless the Articles of Association provide for a greater majority, decisions are taken by a majority of the members present or represented.

Except when the Board is convened to carry out the transactions referred to in the fifth paragraph of Article L. 225-68 and unless otherwise provided for in the Articles of Association, the internal regulations may provide that, for the purposes of calculating the quorum and majority, members of the Supervisory Board who take part in the meeting by videoconference or telecommunication means that enable them to be identified and guarantee their effective participation, the nature and conditions of application of which are determined by decree of the Conseil d'Etat, are deemed to be present. The Articles of Association may limit the nature of the decisions that may be taken at a meeting held under these conditions and provide for a right of objection in favour of a specified number of Supervisory Board members. The Articles of Association may also provide that decisions falling within the specific powers of the Supervisory Board provided for in the second paragraph of article L. 225-65, in the second paragraph of article L. 225-68, in article L. 225-78 and III of Article L. 225-103 as well as decisions to transfer the registered office within the same département may be taken by written consultation of the members of the Supervisory Board.

Unless otherwise provided for in the Articles of Association, the Chairman of the meeting has the casting vote in the event of a tie.

Mariela Petrova

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Common Questions

Working with a corporate lawyer in France — Q&A

Any time a strategic decision changes how the company is owned, governed or contractually bound — incorporation, fundraising, M&A, restructuring, shareholder agreements, or major commercial contracts. Earlier engagement always costs less than later remediation.

A notary (notaire) is a public officer who authenticates specific deeds (mainly real-estate transfers and certain family-law acts). A corporate lawyer (avocat) advises on strategy, negotiates and drafts company documents, and represents you in disputes. The two roles complement rather than overlap.

Yes — most of our clients are foreign suppliers, investors or holding entities. We bridge the gap between French law and your home jurisdiction's expectations and deliver everything bilingually.

The SAS (Société par Actions Simplifiée) is the default choice for most international structures: flexible governance, single shareholder allowed, no minimum capital, and works cleanly with foreign holding entities. We assess SARL, SA, SCI on the merits when the situation calls for it.

Yes — communications with a French avocat are protected by the secret professionnel (Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971). This protection is broader than the common-law attorney-client privilege and applies to written and oral exchanges.

We work on fixed fees for clearly scoped engagements (incorporation, contract drafting, audits) and on monthly retainers for ongoing advisory. Hourly billing is the exception, not the default. You always know the cost before work starts.

Typical timeline is 2–3 weeks from KYC kick-off to RCS registration, assuming standard documentation. Holding-company structures, foreign-shareholder identification or in-kind contributions can extend this — we flag the gating items at the first meeting.

Absolutely. We routinely coordinate with your in-house counsel, expert-comptable or notaire — pragmatic collaboration is the norm, not the exception. We send them everything they need to do their part without duplicating work.

Mariela Petrova

Mariela Petrova

Avocate au Barreau de Paris

Toque #C2396

15+ Years In Corporate Practice

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Communications protected by professional secrecy — secret professionnel de l'avocat, Article 66-5 of the Law of 31 December 1971.

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